Seeds Industry is one of the most vital industries that has affects productivity. Since its establishment in 1990, seeds and bulbs has been of special concern at Cham Gota Seeds. The company began its work focusing on local species of vegetable seeds in addition to some grain and fodder crops, and flower seeds-bulbs. We had also some foreign inputs, especially of flower seeds, in order to diversify products and to satisfy the needs of markets and consumers at a time.
The company wasted no time before striding towards developing local species and introducing upgrading schemes to attain best levels and standards in seed industry. We worked for improving and fixing of specifications of progenies of: Humsi eggplant; local black eggplant; Hamwi emerald eggplant; Hindi short white eggplant; Hindi long white eggplant, (with fixing its marketable specifications that is beginning to enter consumers' menu, for they demanding more seeds to better know this vegetable and in order to use it as an accessory to traditional vegetables. This is especially visible in the case of foods and pickles industry); local eggplant-like pumpkin that has high productivity and high marketing advantages; okra; beans; green beans and Egyptian shake cucumber; in addition to other crops. Leading steps in seed industry:
1. collection of different plant species:
Availability of plant species is considered to be one of the most important pillars in breeding schemes. The technical department in cham gota seed Company undertakes collecting many introduced and local genetic types, put them to experimentation, increasing them and identifying of specifications of every genetic race in order to investigate possibility of improving and derivation.
Since 2002, we collected samples of parsley, spinach (oum shokeh), spinach (kredieh), white green beans with black spot , white green beans with brown spot, red green beans (Maltese), wide pod creeper beans (brown grain), wide pod creeper beans (white grain), ground beans with cylindrical pods, ground beans with wide pods, white grain corn, monthly radish, big Humsi radish, Maltese broad beans with big pods and velvet grain, broad beans with small pods and brownish grain colour (known as local or Cyprus broad beans), Pease, chard, onion, carrot, coriander, white popcorn, yellow popcorn, crimson popcorn, colored popcorn, egg plant like pumpkin, cubic yellow pepper, rectangular yellow pepper, rectangular yellow pepper with thin walls (baladiah), hot long pepper (Karn al-ghazal), long tomatoes, Rose big tomatoes (baladiah), cherry rootstocks tomatoes, water melon (seeds consumed by humans), rootstocks of water melon are tollergnrto soil diseases, short okra (baladiah), short pod okra with pods colored in red and green, yellow sweet corn, white sweet corn, Corn with white grain, fodder sorghum, fodder sandglass, fodder Perl millet , peppermint, etc.
2. implementation of species production schemes:
We produce improved species of green peas, green beans, parsley, radish, spinach, beans, peppergrass and broad beans, etc; in addition to synthetic hybrids of sweet corn, and corn. This is done according to highest scientific standards under close supervision by specialized staff with very long experience in breeding, deriving, improving plant species using different ways according to individual characteristics of plants in terms of flowering and pollination. In self pollination plants, selection is used for individual plants, or they can be selected in every generation when plants of same generation are to be considered as a whole, in case absence of genetic differences is secured. However, when dealing with open pollination crops, classic breeding methodes are used; that is continuous self breeding of species after which they are subjected to different genetic tests before being hybridized in cross male lines and under specific conditions that can be controlled.
3. Registration of varieties
This is done by means of approaching relevant authorities and providing an application for test and registration of species, accompanied with relevant technical specifications and quantity of seeds necessary for tests.
4. Implementation of large scale trials
Experiments are done at farmers fields to make then acquainted to varieties and knowledgeable with their marketing properties, in addition to providing appropriate applicable recommendations for every varieties.
5. Preservation of purity of varieties (genetic purity):
The purpose of this process is to produce new quantity of breeder seeds of grower when varieties are being circulated in market, These quantities are considered to be nuclei to produce basic seeds , and used to prevent occurring any changes varieties characters after few generations as a result of genetic segregation or any unwanted crossing or mechanical mixing during packaging phases. The technical branch in the company follows acknowledged criteria for preserving varieties like keeping isolation spaces among different varieties. After plantation in special conditions, varieties are subjected to very meticulous selection that can identify even trivial differences and, consequently, exclude plants showing these differences.
Special conditions under which varieties are planted differ according to individual species and varieties, kind and type of pollination: self pollination, partly mixed pollination, mixed pollination by insects, mixed pollination by wind and mixed pollination by wind and insects; in addition to time intervals between readiness of stigmas and opening of anthers…
The best plants are harvested, and the outcome considered breeder seeds that are used in producing nuclei seeds or basic seeds according to stages adopted for every species or variety.
6. Production of Coated seeds
As part of company's policies of seeking best technical standards, we produce coated seeds which we provide with protection and nutritional materials to raise field germination ratio and to help seeding through first steps of growth to produce strong plants that can deliver crops of standard specifications.
